Effect of different administration methods of methoxamine on body temperature of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To observe the different administration methods of methoxamine on the body temperature protection of patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG).Methods:The clinical data of 278 patients underwent OPCABG from January 2019 to December 2021 in Jinzhou Central Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were used the methoxamine during the operation. Among them, 157 cases were given methoxamine by continuous intravenous infusion (continuous intravenous infusion group), and 121 cases were given methoxamine by fractional intravenous infusion in stages (fractional intravenous infusion group). The changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate during operation were recorded, and the fluctuation rate of MAP was calculated. The dosage of methoxamine, use time of variable temperature blanket, time from the end of operation to waking up and occurrence of adverse reactions such as hypothermia, rigors, coagulation disorders and renal insufficiency were recorded.Results:During anesthesia, the fluctuation rate of MAP in continuous intravenous infusion group was significantly lower than that in fractional intravenous infusion group: (16.62 ± 3.17)% vs. (23.53±3.69)%, and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). The MAP and heart rate of continuous intravenous infusion group were more stable at each time point than that of fractional intravenous infusion group. The use time of variable temperature blanket, and incidences of hypothermia, rigors in continuous intravenous infusion group were significantly lower than those in fractional intravenous infusion group: (86.17 ± 19.66) min vs. (146.72 ± 29.37) min, 2.55% (4/157) vs. 9.92% (12/121) and 1.91% (3/157) vs. 8.26% (10/121), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.01 or <0.05); there were no statistical differences in dosage of methoxamine, time from the end of operation to waking up and incidence of coagulation disorders between two groups ( P>0.05); Renal insufficiency did not occur in both groups. Conclusions:Continuous intravenous pumping of methoxamine can obviously reduce the heat loss of human body, enhance the insulation effect of other insulation measures, and reduce the incidence of hypothermia in patients underwent OPCABG.

Restore irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation by anterior joint release through wedge-end-mini-channel and posterior fixation / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and safety of a novel surgery, to restore irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD) by atlantoaxial joint release through wedge-end-mini-channel (via conventional Smith-Robinson anterolateral approach) combined with posterior fixation.Methods:Five patients with IAAD from May 2013 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 3 males and 2 females, aged 44.6±9.0 years (range, 38-61). All the patients received atlantoaxial joint release through wedge-end-mini-channel (via conventional Smith-Robinson anterolateral approach) combined with posterior fixation. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and improvement rate, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade, atlantodental interval (ADI) and reduction rate, space available for the cord (SAC) and fusion of bone graft were measured and recorded.Results:The follow-up time was 80.0±23.1 months (range, 34-96 months). The surgery time of anterior joint release was 105±23 min (range, 75-135 min), and the total surgery time was 234±42 min (range, 212-276 min). The blood loss of anterior joint release was 80±16 ml (range, 60-100 ml), and the total blood loss was 123±34 ml (range, 85-150 ml). JOA scores were 6.6±0.9 before surgery, 11.2±0.4 at post-operative 1 month, and 14.8±0.80 at the last follow-up ( F=97.28, P<0.001), and the improvement rate of the last follow-up JOA score was 79.1%±7.64%. The ASIA grade were three cases of 'C’ level and two cases of 'D’ level before surgery, and two cases of 'D’ level and three cases of 'E’ level at the last follow-up. The ADI before surgery, at post-operative 6 months and the last follow-up were 9.56±1.07 mm, 1.46±0.39 mm and 1.48±0.29 mm, respectively ( F=206.54, P<0.001). The reduction rate of last follow-up ADI was 84.6%±1.4%. The SAC before surgery, at post-operative 6 months and last follow-up were 10.3±1.83 mm, 20.12±1.19 mm and 20.06±1.25 mm, respectively ( F=44.47, P<0.001). Grafted bone fuse was seen in 3 cases at post-operative 6 months, and 5 cases at post-operative 12 months. The only complication was unexpected titanium rod fracture in 1 case at post-operative 14 months. Conclusion:For IAAD, the novel surgery of atlantoaxial joint release through wedge-end-mini-channel (via conventional Smith-Robinson anterolateral approach) combined with posterior fixation could achieve well joint restoration and neural function improvement, which was a safe and effective procedure.

Neuropathologic damage induced by radiofrequency ablation at different temperatures

Abstract Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of neuropathologic damage induced by radiofrequency ablation at different temperatures. Methods This is basic research, and 36 SD rats were used to construct the neuropathological injury model. The rats were subjected to radiofrequency stimulation at different temperatures and were divided into 6 groups according to the temperature injury: 42°, 47°, 52°, 57°, 62°, and 67°C groups. Conduction time, conduction distance, and nerve conduction velocity were recorded after temperature injury. HE-staining was used to observe the histopathological morphology of the sciatic nerve. The expression of SCN9A, SCN3B, and NFASC protein in sciatic nerve tissue were detected by western blot. Results With the increase in temperature, nerve conduction velocity gradually decreased, and neurons were damaged when the temperature was 67°C. HE-staining showed that the degrees of degeneration of neurons in rats at 47°, 52°, 57°, 62°, and 67°C were gradually increased. The expression of SCN9A, SCN3B protein in 57°, 62°, 67°C groups were much higher than that of NC, 42°, 47°, 52°C groups. However, the expression of NFASC protein in 57°, 62°, 67°C groups was much lower than that of the NC, 42°, 47°, 52°C groups. Conclusion There was a positive correlation between temperature caused by the radiofrequency stimulation to neuropathological damage. The mechanism is closely related to the expression of SCN9A, SCN3B, and NFASC protein in nerve tissue caused by heat transfer injury.

Application of failure mode and effect analysis in low-energy X-ray radiotherapy / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To explore the application of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in low-energy X-ray intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), analyze its potential risks in IORT, and preliminarily explore the feasibility of FMEA in optimizing IORT management and reducing the occurrence of potential risks.Methods:An FMEA working group was established by the IORT team (1 radiologist, 1 radiology physicist, 2 surgeons, and 2 nurses) to apply the FMEA methodology to conduct a systematic risk assessment. The process modules were established, the potential failure modes and causes for each module were analyzed, the severity (SR), frequency of occurrence (OR) and likelihood of detection (DR) of failure modes were scored and the risk priority number (RPN) was calculated: RPN= SR × OR × DR. The possible errors and potential clinical impact of each part of the radiotherapy process were prospectively analyzed and understood, the causes and current measures were analyzed for each failure mode and preventive measures were proposed and risk management measures were taken accordingly.Results:The IORT process was divided into 8 modules with 14 failure modes. The highest OR value was unsatisfactory target area confirmation (7 points), the highest SR value was equipment failure to discharge the beam (10 points), the highest DR value was wrong key entry after dose calculation (7 points), the highest RPN values were unsatisfactory target area confirmation (210 points) and ineffective protection of endangered organs (180 points). Weaknesses were corrected according to priorities, workflows were optimized and more effective management methods were developed.Conclusion:FMEA is an effective method of IORT management and contributes to reducing the occurrence of potential risks.

Association between the function of Schlemm canal and outcome following selective laser trabeculoplasty for primary open-angle glaucoma / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the function of Schlemm canal and the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods:An observational case series study was conducted.Seventeen POAG patients (25 eyes), including 12 males (18 eyes) and 5 females (7 eyes), were enrolled in Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from March to December, 2017.The three-mirror contact lens was adopted to observe the presence of blood reflux in Schlemm canal before aerobic exercise, and positive referred to that blood reflux was observed in any region of Schlemm canal, and negative was defined as that no blood reflux was observed in Schlemm canal.The intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure of subjects were measured before and after exercise test by the non-contact tonometer and automatic blood pressure monitor respectively.Positive referred to the IOP reduction ≥4.6 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and negative was defined as the IOP reduction <4.6 mmHg.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to observe whether Schlemm canal was dilated or not and the dilated area before and after exercise test.Positive referred to the opening clock position of Schlemm canal was larger and/or the Schlemm canal was dilated at one or more clock position.The subjects presenting positive in above three indicators were classified as the positive Schlemm canal function group (8 eyes). The subjects presenting positive in above one or two indicators were classified as the mixed Schlemm canal function group (11 eyes). The subjects presenting negative in above three indicators were classified as the negative Schlemm canal function group (6 eyes). All subjects received SLT treatment.The IOP was examined at postoperative 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month.The IOP, IOP reduction and rate of IOP reduction were compared among the three groups at various time points.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (No.TJ-IRB20160306). Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:The preoperative IOP and postoperative 1-week, 2-week and 1-month IOP were (20.33±9.22), (17.10±2.98), (19.00±3.94) and (19.33±4.32) mmHg of negative Schlemm canal function group, (25.75±9.03), (20.00±7.60), (19.18±4.46) and (18.00±3.63) mmHg of mixed Schlemm canal function group and (22.28±4.78), (18.75±8.53), (15.50±4.98) and (14.38±3.24) mmHg of positive Schlemm canal function group, respectively.There was no statistical significance in the IOP value among the three groups ( Fgroup=1.028, P=0.374). The difference in IOP before and after surgery was statistically significant ( Ftime=6.751, P=0.002). Compared with preoperative IOP, the postoperative 1-week IOP of the negative Schlemm canal function group, the postoperative 1-week, 2-week and 1-month IOP of the mixed Schlemm canal function group, and the postoperative 2-week and 1-month IOP of positive Schlemm canal function group were significantly decreased (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in IOP reduction or the rate of IOP reduction among the three groups after operation ( Fgroup=0.952, P=0.401; Ftime=0.828, P=0.402; Fgroup=1.840, P=0.182; Ftime=0.419, P=0.660). Conclusions:POAG patients with better function of Schlemm canal have a better IOP-lowering efficacy after SLT treatment.Blood reflux in Schlemm canal before exercise, reduced IOP and dilated Schlemm canal after exercise can be considered as indicators to evaluate Schlemm canal function.

Simulation Analysis of Occupancy Rates of Baicalein， Quercetin and Galangin on Target Sites of Xanthine Oxidase / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To simulate the occupancy rates of baicalein， quercetin and galangin on the target sites of xanthine oxidase <italic>in vivo</italic>. Method:In this experiment， the half inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of febuxostat， baicalein， quercetin and galangin against xanthine oxidase were determined by <italic>in vitro</italic> enzymatic reaction. Binding free energy was predicted by molecular docking technology and their association rate constant （k_on） and dissociation rate constant （k_off） were determined by surface plasmon resonance technology. Based on measured binding kinetic parameters （k_on and k_off） and extracted pharmacokinetic data， the target occupancy model <italic>in vivo</italic> was established. Result:The IC₅₀values of febuxostat， baicalein， quercetin and galangin were 0.002 7， 1.63， 0.38， 1.59 µmol·L^-1， respectively. The IC₅₀ of febuxostat was very close to that reported in the literature. The predicted curve of target occupancy rate <italic>in vivo</italic> of febuxostat was consistent with its duration of clinical efficacy. When single intragastric administration of long-circulating liposomes of quercetin with dose of 100 mg·kg^-1 in rats， the time of target occupancy rate >70% <italic>in vivo</italic> lasted for about 3.9 h. When rats were orally administered baicalein and galangin with dose of 200 mg·kg^-1， the time of target occupancy rate >50% <italic>in vivo </italic>lasted for about 10 h and 1.7 h， respectively. Conclusion:The prediction model of xanthine oxidase target occupancy constructed by drug target binding kinetics and <italic>in vivo</italic> pharmacokinetic curves can effectively evaluate the <italic>in vivo</italic> inhibitory activity of compounds against the target.

Lung Cancer Screening Study in Macao Smoking Individuals / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Lung cancer incidence in Macao increases gradually, smoking is one of the important high risk factors. The purpose of this study is to observe the detection rate of lung cancer and nodules in long-term smoking Macao individuals.@*METHODS@#We recruited eligible Macao residents by publicity, all subjects were arranged to receive low-dose computed tomography screening. Image features of lung nodules were analyzed by radiologist. For suspicious lung cancer, multiple disciplinary team (MDT) was arranged.@*RESULTS@#A total of 291 were adopted, 10 lung cancers were detected, the detection rate of lung cancer was 3.44% (95%CI: 2.78%-4.01%), all were males. There were 5 adenocarcinoma patients, each 2 squamous-cell carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma patients; 1 adenosquamous cancer patient. Among 10 lung cancers, 40% had stage 1 disease. The detection rate of lung nodules was 72.9% (95%CI: 67.8%-78.0%); The number of suspicious lung nodules were 44, and the detection rate was 15.1% (95%CI: 11.0%-19.2%). There was no significant differences in the lung cancer detection rate between the single and multiple lung nodule groups (P>0.05). There were 168 subjects in the <6 mm solid lung nodule (SN) and <5 mm no-solid lung nodule (NSN) group and no lung cancer was found, 44 subjects in the ≥6 mm SN and ≥5 mm NSN group. All 9 lung cancer patients were detected in this group. The detection rate of lung cancer was higher than that of the <6 mm SN and <5 mm NSN group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are high detection rate of lung cancer and lung nodule in the long-term smoking individuals. The lung cancer rate increases when the lung nodule size is larger than 6 mm in SN and 5 mm in NSN. Adenocarcinoma is the major type in the smokers' lung cancers. We suggest long-term smokers should join in the future lung cancer screening trial in Macao. Female lung cancer screening should be established different standard.

Genome-wide analysis of hippocampal transfer RNA-derived small RNAs identifies new potential therapeutic targets of Bushen Tiansui formula against Alzheimer's disease / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#Bushen Tiansui formula (BSTSF), a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, has been widely used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain largely unknown. In this study, a rat AD model was used to study the effects of BSTSF on cognitive performance and expression of transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) in the hippocampus, to determine whether treatment of AD with BSTSF could regulate the expression of tsRNAs, a novel small non-coding RNA.@*METHODS@#To generate a validated AD model, oligomeric amyloid-β@*RESULTS@#The learning and memory deficits of Aβ@*CONCLUSION@#This study identified a previously uncharacterized mechanism underlying the effects of BSTSF in alleviating the learning and memory deficits in Aβ

Efficacy and Safety of Emricasan in Liver Cirrhosis and/or Fibrosis

This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of emricasan. Nine databases were searched for clinical trials investigating the efficacy of emricasan treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis or fibrosis. A manual search was conducted to identify the missing trials. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. Efficacy of emricasan treatment was defined as a positive change in apoptosis-related parameters from baseline to the last follow-up visit. Overall, emricasan treatment is more effective in patients with liver cirrhosis or fibrosis than placebo (standardized mean difference [SMD] [95% confidence intervals (CI)]=0.28 [0.14; 0.41]). No significant change in model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score between the emricasan and placebo groups was noted (SMD [95% CI]=0.18 [-0.01; 0.36]; p=0.058). A 50 mg dose of emricasan had the highest efficacy rate compared to placebo (SMD [95% CI]=0.28 [0.06; 0.50]; p=0.012), followed by the 5 mg dosing regimen (SMD [95% CI]=0.28 [0.06; 0.50]; p=0.012). Treatment with emricasan resulted in significant reductions in ALT (mean difference (MD) [95% CI]=-5.89 [-10.59; -1.20]; p=0.014) and caspase3/7 levels (MD [95%CI]=-1215.93 [-1238.53; -1193.33]; p<0.001), respectively. No significant increase in the rate of overall adverse events was noted (OR [95% CI]=1.52 [0.97; 2.37]; p=0.069). Treatment with emricasan is more effective in improving liver function and apoptosis parameters compared to placebo, with a well-tolerated safety profile. However, due to the poor quality of the analyzed studies, the small number of trials and patients, and the short follow-up periods, more robust trials are still warranted.

Study on drug-target binding kinetics profiles of flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium and xanthine oxidase / 中国中药杂志

Based on the target occupancy mathematical model, the binding kinetic process of potential active ingredients of lowering uric acid in Chrysanthemum morifolium with xanthine oxidase(XOD) was evaluated. The potential active ingredients of lowering uric acid in Ch. morifolium were screened by UPLC-Q-Exactivems MS technology, reference substance identification and in vitro enzymatic kinetics experiments. The binding kinetic parameters of xanthine oxidase and potential inhibitor in Ch. morifolium were determined by surface plasma resonance(SPR). The verified mathematical model of the XOD target occupancy evaluated the kinetic binding process of inhibitors and xanthine oxidase in vivo. According to UPLC-Q-Exactive MS and reference substance identification, 39 potential uric acid-lowering active ingredients in Ch. morifolium extracts were identified and the inhibitory activities of 23 compounds were determined. Three potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors were screened, namely genistein, luteolin, and apigenin. whose IC_(50 )were 1.23, 1.47 and 1.59 μmol·L~(-1), respectively. And the binding rate constants(K_(on)) were 1.26×10~6, 5.23×10~5 and 6.36×10~5 mol·L~(-1)·s~(-1), respectively. The dissociation rate constants(K_(off)) were 10.93×10~(-2), 1.59×10~(-2), and 5.3×10~(-2 )s~(-1), respectively. After evaluation by different administration methods, the three selected compounds can perform rapid and sustained inhibition of xanthine oxidase in vivo under combined administration. This study comprehensively evaluated the target occupancy process of three effective components in different ways of administration in vivo by UPLC-MS, concentration-response method, SPR technology and xanthine oxidase target occupancy model, which would provide a new research idea and method for screening active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.

Synergistic effect of sarcopenia and osteoporosis on spinal osteoporotic fracture in patients with rheumatoid arthritis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the synergistic effect of sarcopenia and osteoporosis on the occurrence of spinal osteoporotic fracture (OPF) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:A total of 389 hospitalized RA patients and 156 age and sex-matched normal subjects (control group) were recruited. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) method was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine and hip, and bioelectrical impedance method was applied to determine skeletal muscle mass of limbs. X-ray examination of spin was conducted and spinal OPF was diagnosed according to semi-quality method. Student's t test was used for comparison of measurement date between the two groups, χ2 test was used for comparison of intergroup rates, and Logistic Regression(Backward LR) method was used for multivariate Regression analysis of binomial classification data. Results:BMD of all test sites in RA patients was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P<0.01). The incidence of total OP in RA group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(32.9% vs 12.8%), χ2=22.706, P<0.01]. A total of 84 patients with RA developed spinal OPF, with an incidence of 21.6% which was higher than that in the control group [(3.8%), χ2=25.439, P<0.01]. The incidence of sarcopenia in RA was 54.8%, significantly higher than that in the control group [(9.6%), χ2=93.241, P<0.01]. The incidence of sarcopenia combined with osteoporosis in RA group (28.5%) was significantly higher than that in the control group [(5.8%), χ2=118.110, P<0.01]. Comparison of the incidence of spinal OPF in RA patients among groups with different bone mass (normal bone mass, osteopenia, osteoporosis) showed that the incidence of spinal OPF among these groups was statistically different ( χ2=43.373, P<0.01), and the incidence of spinal OPF increased along with the decrease of bone mass ( χ2=43.003, P<0.01). The incidence of spinal OPF in RA patients with sarcopenia (27.2%, 58/213) was significantly higher than that in RA patients without sarcopenia [(14.8%, 26/176), χ2=8.833, P=0.003]. All participants were divided into three groups: group 1=no OP and sarcopenia, group 2=with sarcopenia or OP, group 3=both sarcopenia and OP. Difference of incidence of spine OPF in RA patients among three groups was statistically significant ( χ2=33.832, P<0.01), and the incidence of spinal OPF raised gradually in group 1 and 3, ( χ2=37.164, P<0.01). Incidences of sarcopenia, OP and spinal OPF in RA treated with glucocorticoid (GC) were higher than those in RA without GC ( P<0.05, P<0.01). Results of logistic regression showed advanced age[ OR(95% CI)=1.069(1.038, 1.101), P<0.01], usage of GC [ OR(95% CI)=3.169(1.679, 5.984), P<0.01] and sarcopenia combined with OP [ OR(95% CI)=2.113(1.430, 3.124), P<0.01] were risk factors for spinal OPF in RA patients. Conclusion:Incidences of sarcopenia, OP and spinal OPF in RA patients are higher than that in normal controls. Sarcopenia and OP have a synergistic effect on spinal OPF in RA patients.

Study on Tumor Drugs for Targeted Therapy Based on Micro-nanomotor / 中国药师

Objective:To investigate the targeted motion and controllable release of tumor drugs based on micromotor. Methods:The directional movement of Janus micro-capsules was achieved through an external magnetic field,and the controllable release of tumor drugs was induced by near-infrared laser.Results:During the same period, the movement speed of the Janus capsules micromotor was the fastest(36.8 μm·s-1,approximately equalled to 3 body length·s-1) in 15% H2O2solution. Under the control of the external magnetic field, the Janus capsules micromotor could move along the scheduled trajectory close to the area of HeLa cells. Through the irradiation of near-infrared laser, the Janus capsules micromotor was broken and released the loaded drugs quickly. Conclusion:The Janus capsule micromotor studied in the paper can be used for targeted drug delivery safely and effectively,therefore,it shows good application prospect in the field of tumor diagnosis and treatment.

Observation of the effect and safety assessment of lobaplatin for pleural lavage in the radical operation of NSCLC / 国际肿瘤学杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of lobaplatin for pleural lavage in the radical operation of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A total of 100 patients with NSCLC from June 2015 to December 2015 in Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University were collected,and were divided into experimental group and control group according to the patients′ or family′s wishes for treatment, with 50 cases in each group. The lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection were performed for patients in the two groups. During the operation of the experimental group,we flushed the chest with 42 ℃ distilled wa-ter 2000 ml first,then we washed and steeped the pleura with 500 ml of 5％ glucose injection containing 50 mg lobaplatin for 10 min,in the end sucked out the washing fluid. During the operation,patients of the control group only received a treatment of same amount of distilled water. Then,the short- and long-term effects and adverse reaction were tracked and compared. Results The thoracic drainage of the first 3 days after operation in experimental group was (1150 ± 150)ml,and the control group was (790 ± 110)ml,with a significant difference (t = 3. 352,P = 0. 029). The numbers of white blood cell [(12. 5 ± 1. 2)× 109 / L vs. (12. 8 ± 1. 0)×109 / L;t =0. 333,P =0. 756],the platelets [(235. 2 ± 52. 5)× 109 / L vs. (236. 5 ± 34. 5)]× 109 / L;t = 0. 036,P = 0. 973],the creatinine [(74. 2 ± 9. 1)μmol/ L vs. (75. 2 ± 8. 7)μmol/ L;t = 0. 138,P =0. 897],urea nitrogen [(4. 8 ± 2. 1)mmol/ L vs. (5. 5 ± 2. 4)mmol/ L;t = 0. 391,P = 0. 716],glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase [(9. 6 ± 3. 8)U/ L vs. (8. 2 ± 2. 5)U/ L;t = 0. 533,P = 0. 622]and glutamic-pyru-vic transaminase [(22. 4 ± 9. 2)U/ L vs. (21. 8 ± 6. 4)U/ L;t = 0. 093,P = 0. 931]showed no significant differences between experimental group and control group. The positive rate of drainage exfoliative cells (4. 0％vs. 16. 0％)and ipsilateral recurrence rate (0 vs. 30. 0％)of experimental group were lower than those of con-trol group,with significant differences (χ2 = 4. 000,P = 0. 046;χ2 = 17. 647,P < 0. 001). There was no death in experimental group during the follow-up period,and 2 patients in control group died. The rates of adverse reactions such as incisional pain (16. 0％ vs. 12. 0％),nausea (10. 0％ vs. 14. 0％),vomiting (4. 0％ vs. 0)and diarrhea (4. 0％ vs. 0)showed no significant differences between experimental group and control group (χ2 = 0. 332,P = 0. 564;χ2 = 0. 379,P = 0. 538;χ2 = 0. 510,P = 0. 475;χ2 = 0. 510,P = 0. 475). Conclusion The application of lobaplatin for pleural lavage in the radical operation of lung cancer is safe and effective,which can significantly reduce the rate of ipsilateral recurrence.

The relaxation of zonule in primary angle closure suspects / 眼科新进展

Objecttve To compare the difference of relaxation distribution of zonule in different orientations between primary angle closure suspects (PACS) and normal controls,and to explore the role of latent subluxated lens in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.Methods Together 19 eyes of 19 PACS (PACS group) and 19 eyes of 19 age-,gender-and eye-matched normal controls (control group) were enrolled in this study.Pentacam was performed under standardized dark conditions before and 30 min after instillation of compound tropicamide eye drop.Peripheral anterior chamber depth (peri-ACD) of 8 orientations (superior,temporal superior,temporal,temporal inferior,inferior,nasal inferior,nasal,nasal superior position) in the central 4 mm diameter was measured automatically in each eye.The differences of peri-ACD (△ peri-ACD) before and after mydriasis were measured to reflex the relaxation of zonule.The difference of peri-ACD in 8 orientations after mydriasis could confirm the possibility of latent subluxated lens,and its range could verify the degree of lens deviation.Results Significant difference was observed in each groups in terms of △peri-ACD (P＜0.001,0.043).The △peri-ACD of the temporal inferior position was (0.40 ± 0.28)mm in PACS group,which was smaller than that in the control group [(0.55 ±0.15)mm] (P =0.041),but no significant difference was observed between PACS patients and normal controls in other orientations (all P ＞ 0.05).And significant difference was detected between the 8 positions of peri-ACD after mydriasis in each groups (P =0.001,0.009),and these parameters between the two groups were also significantly different (all P ＜ 0.01).Moreover,there was no significant difference in the difference of between the minimum and maximum peri-ACD in the PACS group and the control group [(0.35 ± 0.18)mm vs.(0.43 ± 0.28) mm] (P =0.362).Conclusion The uneven relaxation distribution of zonule may exist in both PACS patients and normal controls,and the relaxation of zonule may be significant in temporal inferior position in PACS patients.

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract pH Monitoring in Rats with Chronic Sleep Deprivation and High Fat Diet / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of chronic sleep deprivation and high fat diet with laryn-gopharyngeal reflux (LPRD) .Methods A total of 16 rats were randomly divided into the experimental group and control group .Modified multiplatform water surface method and high fat diet (containing 35％ fat) were used in the experimental group rats .The rats in the control group had free sleep and normal feed .The upper gastrointestinal tract pH monitoring with double detectors was used to record the changes of pH in the both rats for 10 hours .The reflux index ,the times of re-flux with pH<4 and the longest duration of reflux were selected and converted into data of 24 hours .The three indexes of the experiment group were compared to those of the control group .Results There was no animal death during the model construction .The rats in the experimental group were irritable .There was no difference of rats weight in both groups before and after the experiment(P>0 .05) .The median of reflux index ,times of reflux with pH<4 and the longest duration of reflux of pharyngeal pH 2 detector in the rats of the experimental group were 21 .07 ,27 .25 and 61 .11 ,respectively .Those of the control group were 1 .25 ,0 .95 and 8 .44 ,respectively .Above three index of the experimental group increased obviously and the difference was statistically significant when compared to those of the control (P<0 .05) .It was suggested that LPRD might appear in the experimental group rats .The median of reflux index and the times of reflux with pH < 4 of esophageal pH1 detector in the rats of the experimental group were 15 .87 and 96 .67 ,displaying an increase when compared to those of the control group (26 .25 and 5 .6) .The differ-ences were statistically significant(P<0 .05);but the median of the longest duration of reflux in pH1 detector of the experimental group rats was 26 .25 ,failing to show statistical difference compared to that of the control group (5 .6) (P>0 .05) .Conclusion Chronic sleep deprivation and high fat diet may play an important role in the pathogenesis of LPRD .This animal model may be a new vector to study LPRD .

The expression and clinical significance of Sox 11 in cervical carcinogenesis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the expression level of Sox11 gene in cervical cancer cell lines and cervical pathology tissue .Methods The expression of Sox11 protein was detected in cervical cancer cell lines HeLa , CaSki ,SiHa and C-33A as well as NC ,LSIL ,HSIL and CC using immunohistochemistry and Western blot .We analyzed the relationship between Sox11 expression in cervical cancer and clinicopathologic parameters .Results The expression of Sox11 protein in normal cervical tissue ,low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia was significantly higher than that in the high-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer tissue , and the expression was reduced with the progression of cervical lesions .The expression of Sox11 protein in the invasive cervical cancer was reduced with increased malignant degree .The expression of Sox11 protein in the invasive cervical cancer was significantly correlated with HPV infection ,but not associated with the age , clinical stage ,lymph node metastasis or muscular infiltration depth .Conclusion Sox11 expression is negatively correlated with cervical cancer development ,suggesting that as a tumor suppressor gene ,Sox11 may play a role in cervical cancer development and its absence or low expression is associated with the development of cervical cancer and is an early event of cervical carcinogenesis and may be a sign of malignant change of cervical tissue .

Protective effect of cornel iridoid glycoside on hepatocytes injured by D-galactosamine/tumor necrosis factor-α / 中国药理学通报

Aim To determine the effect of cornel iri-doid glycoside ( CIG ) on human hepatocyte cell line (L-02) injured by D-galactosamine (GalN) and tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) .Methods Firstly, CIG was extracted , separated and purified . Cell lesion model injured by D-GalN/TNF-αwas tested by MTT method.T-AOC, SOD, MDA and calcium ion concen-tration were taken as indicators to study the effects of CIG on L-02 cell injured by D-GalN/TNF-α.The ex-pression of p-PERK, p-eIF-2α, caspase-3 protein were detected by Western blot .Results 44 mg · L-1 D-GalN and 100 μg · L-1 TNF-αwere suitable for L-02 cell lesion model.CIG high, middle, low concentra-tion group could significantly increase the L-02 cell ac-tivity by 21％, 13％, 8％, respectively and SOD activity and T-AOC ability as well compared with model group.At the same time, they markedly reduced the MDA activity except the low concentration .Three con-centrations of CIG could reduce the expression of endo-plasmic reticulum stress related protein PERK , eIF-2αand apoptosis-associated protein caspase-3. Conclu-sions CIG could protect L-02 cells injured by D-GalN/TNF-α.Increasing the cellular antioxidant abili-ty, reducing the damage of endoplasmic reticulum stress and the expression of apoptosis-associated protein may be the possible mechanism .

Effects of Different Dosages of Moxibustion with Ginger-Separated Moxibustion on MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 of Gastric Tissue in Rats with Spleen Deficiency / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To observe effects of different dosages of moxibustion with ginger-separated moxibustion on expressions of mitogen extracellular kinase (MEK) 1/2 and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) 1/2 of gastric tissue in rats with spleen deficiency; To explore the possible mechanism and the dose-effect relationship. Methods Seventy-five SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group, model group, ginger-separated moxibustion for three zhuang group, six zhuang group and nine zhuang group according to random digits table method, with fifteen rats in each group. The rat model of spleen deficiency was established by intragastric administration with 200% Rhei Radix et Rhizoma infusion at 4 ℃. Ginger-separated moxibustion groups were treated with different dosage of moxibustion at "Zusanli", "Zhongwan" for eight days after the modeling. Pathological changes of gastric tissue by HE staining were observed under light microscope, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 protein in gastric tissue of rats. Results Compared with the blank control group rats, the gastric mucosa injury in the model group was obvious, which showed that the damage and abscission was more serious; compared with the model group, the gastric mucosa of rats was partly exfoliated and the damage was improved in three zhuang group, and the surface of gastric mucosa of rats was more complete and damage was improved obviously in six zhuang group and nine zhuang group; compared with the blank control group, the expressions of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 protein in gastric tissue increased obviously in other groups (P<0.01);compared with three zhuang group, the expressions of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 protein in gastric tissue increased in six zhuang group and nine zhuang group (P<0.01), but the effects of the two group were similar, without statistical significance (P>0.05). Conclusion Ginger-separated moxibustion can repair gastric mucosa in rats with spleen deficiency, which may be closely associated with its effect in increasing the expressions of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 protein in gastric tissue and activating the MEK/ERK signal transduction pathway.

Experimental animal study of cerebral oxygen metabolism changes during the process of brain death / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To reproduce a stable animal model of brain death in pigs, observe the change regularity of cerebral oxygen metabolism during the process of brain death, and to evaluate the significance and value of cerebral oxygen metabolism parameters for the diagnosis of brain death. Methods Twelve landrace pigs were used to create the brain death models using modified method of increasing epidural intracranial pressure (ICP). The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and ICP were monitored continuously during the process. The pigs were divided into four groups according to cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) decreasing degree during brain death, namely CPP normal group and CPP decreasing 0%-30%, 30%-70%, and 70%-100% groups. Blood gas analysis of the external carotid artery and internal jugular vein were monitored discontinuously. The changes in cerebral oxygen metabolism parameters, including external carotid artery-internal jugular vein bulb oxygen content difference (AJDO2), internal jugular bulb-external carotid artery carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (DPCO2) and DPCO2/AJDO2 ratio, were observed. Results Brain death model were successfully reproduced in 12 experimental pigs. With MAP and ICP monitoring, the models at different stages of CPP could be repeatedly induced. The levels of AJDO2 and DPCO2 were increased gradually and then decreased, while the ratio of DPCO2/AJDO2 was constantly increased with the decrease of CPP. The level of AJDO2 in CPP decreasing 0%-30%group was significantly higher than that in CPP normal group [(5.86±1.21)% vs. (3.92±0.64)%], the levels of DPCO2 in CPP decreasing 0%-30% and CPP decreasing 30%-70% groups were significantly higher than those in CPP normal group [mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 10.33±1.83, 11.48±2.32 vs. 6.11±1.43], and the ratios of DPCO2/AJDO2 in CPP decreasing 30%-70% and CPP decreasing 70%-100% groups were significantly higher than those in CPP normal group and CPP decreasing 0%-30% group (2.81±0.53, 4.12±1.07 vs. 1.57±0.64, 1.62±0.81). All the differences above were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions With the decrease of CPP, cerebral oxygen metabolism showed a regular change during brain death. DPCO2 combined with DPCO2/AJDO2 is a reliable blood gas analysis index indicating intracranial hypoperfusion, which has certain reference value for the determination of brain death.